Simona Villata(1), Désirée Baruffaldi (1), Raquel Cue-Lopez (1), Camilla Paoletti(5), Paula Bosch (3), Fabrizio Candido Pirri (1,2), Lucia Napione (1), Andrea Mario Giovannozzi(5), Enrique Martinez-Campos(3,4), Francesca Frascella(1)

(1) PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino
(2) Center for Sustainable Futures, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Torino
(3) Departamento de Química Macromolecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid
(4) Grupo de Síntesis Orgánica y Bioevaluación, Instituto Pluridisciplinar (UCM), Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Instituto de Química Médica, Madrid
(5) Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Politecnico di Torino
(6) Quantum Metrology and Nano Technologies Division, National Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM), Torino, Italy

Federica Marchetti (1), Simona Villata (1), Pompeo Marco Gaudiosi (1), Francesca Frascella (1), Fabrizio Candido Pirri (1,2)

(1) PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino
(2) Center for Sustainable Futures, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Torino

Riccardo G. Margiotta (1), Giuseppe Melfi (1), Andrea Stacchetti (1), Xhulio Dhori (1), Silvia Gioiosa (1), Elisa Rossi (1)

(1) Cineca, Bologna

Alessandra Ducato (1), Giuseppe De Sario (2), Guido Carpino (3), Paolo Falco (1), Cristian Ferrari (2), Domenico Alvaro (2), Vincenzo Cardinale (4,5), Lorenzo Manganaro (1)

(1) aizoOn, Torino
(2) Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza Università di Roma
(3) Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza Università di Roma
(4) Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston
(5) Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine-SSM SLUCare, SLU Hospital, St. Louis

Giovanni F.M. Gallo (1), Elena Bianchi (2), Jolanda M. Bruno (1), Claudia Felici (1), Eduardo Maria Sommella (3), Paola De De Stefano (2), Valentina Giansanti (1), Valeria Rossella (1), Fabrizio Merciai (3), Vicky Caponigro (3), Valentina Golino (3), Danila La Gioia (3), Antonio Malinconico (3), Emanuele Colombo (1), Giulio Giovannoni (4), Gabriele Metalli (4), Francesca Sanvito (5), Maurilio Ponzoni (5), Francesca Ratti (1), Carlo Tacchetti (4), Dejan Lazarevic (4), Paola Falletta (4), Samuel Zambrano (4), Davide Mazza (4), Davide Cittaro (1), Pietro Campiglia (3), Gabriele Dubini (2), Oronza A. Botrugno (4), Giovanni Tonon (4)

(1) IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano
(2) Politecnico di Milano
(3) University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA)
(4) University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano
(5) Anatomical Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano

Selene Bianco (1), Miland Ansari (1), Marcella Toma (1), Paolo Falco (1)

(1) aizoOn, Torino

Paola Ciceri (1), Martina Molinaro (1), Stefano Quaranta (2), Laura Fontana (2), Carla Martinelli (3), Umberto Gianelli (3), Monica Miozzo (2) and Mario Cozzolino (1)

(1) Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Department of Health Sciences, Università di Milano
(2) Department of Health Sciences, Division of Medical Genetics, Università di Milano, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milano
(3) Department of Health Sciences, Division of Pathology, Università di Milano, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milano

Michele Campanini (1,2), Martina Cicolini (1,2), Alberto Ballesio (1,2,3), Simone Marasso (1,2,3), Matteo Cocuzza (1,2,3), Lucia Napione (4), Francesca Frascella (4)

(1) PiQuET Lab, Politecnico di Torino
(2) ChiLab; Politecnico di Torino
(3) CNR-IMEM – Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
(4) PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino

Simona Rando (1), Luisa Muratori (1), Arianna Contato (2), Martina Lorenzati (2), Sofia Dotta (2), Letizia Marvaldi (2), Annalisa Buffo (2), Stefania Raimondo (1)

(1) Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Università di Torino, Orbassano
(2) Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Università di Torino, Orbassano

Giulia Ferrara (1), Diego Caprioglio (1), Lorenzo Magrassi (2), Fausto Chiazza (1), Alberto Minassi (1), Silvia Garavaglia (1)

(1) Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara
(2) Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche, Diagnostiche e Pediatriche, Università di Pavia

Jolanda M. Bruno (1), Giovanni F. M. Gallo (1), Claudia Felici (1), Giansanti Valentina (2), Clarissa Braccia (3), Riccardo Bergamin (4), Giulio Giovannoni (1), Gabriele Metalli (1), Francesca Ratti (5), Elena Bianchi (6), Giulio Caravagna (4), Annapaola Andolfo (3), Davide Cittaro (2), Oronzina Botrugno (1), Giovanni Tonon (4)

(1) Vita-Salute San Raffaele University; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Functional genomics of cancer, Milano
(2) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Center for Omics sciences, Milano
(3) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), Milano
(4) University of Trieste
(5) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Hepatobiliary surgery, Milano
(6) Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics (LaBS), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano

Alessandra Manzin (1), Martina Oria (1,2), Eva Raina (1,2), Marta Vicentini (1), Riccardo Ferrero (1)

(1) Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica
(2) Politecnico di Torino

Camillo Morano (1), Lucia Centofanti (1), Michele Dei Cas (1), Paola Zermiani (1), Umberto Mortola (1), Monica Bignotto (1), Graziano Serrao (1), Monica Miozzo (1), Pier Maria Battezzati (1), Rita Paroni (1), Franco Folli (1)

(1) Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano

Eleonora Grande (1), Annamaria Giuliano (1), Andrea Bartolo (1), Marco Ciavarro (1)

(1) Neuromed IRCCS, Pozzilli

Paola Ciceri (1), Valentina Golino (2), Martina Molinaro (1), Elena Lesma (3), Clara Bernardelli (3), Eduardo Maria Sommella (2), Mario Cozzolino (1)

(1) Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano
(2) Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno
(3) Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano

Cesare Gabriele Gaglio (1,2), Lucia Napione (1), Francesca Frascella (1), Moroni Lorenzo (2), Pirri Candido Fabrizio (1,3),

(1) PolitoBIOMed Lab, Torino
(2) CTR Department, MERLN Institute, FHML, Maastricht University, Maastricht
(3) CSFT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Torino

Camillo Morano (!), Martina Molinaro (1), Carla Martinelli (1), Delfina Tosi (1), Carlo Pescia (1), Michele Dei Cas (1), Stefano Quaranta (1), Laura Fontana (1), Monica Miozzo (1), Umberto Gianelli (1), Mario Gennaro Cozzolino (1), Rita Paroni (1), Paola Ciceri (1)

(1) Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano

Celeste Caruso Bavisotto (1,2), Giuseppa D’Amico (1), Alessandra Maria Vitale (1), Domenico Amato (3), Salvatore Calderaro (3), Pierolorenzo Veiceschi (4), Giuseppina Poppa (5), Ilaria Giusti (5), Giovanni Tringali (4), Rosario Barone (1), Francesco Cappello (1,2), Giosuè Lo Bosco (2, 3)

(1) Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo
(2) Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo
(3) Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Palermo
(4) Department of Neurosurgery, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital Trust ARNAS Civico, Palermo
(5) Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila

Andrea Cosola (1), Federica Marchetti (1), Simona Villata (1), Pompeo Marco Gaudiosi (1), Lucia Napione and Francesca Frascella (1)

(1) PoliTOBIOMedLAB, Politecnico di Torino

Giulia Mesiano (1), F. Gemignani (1), Lucia Napione (1), Livio Trusolino (2,3), Francesca Frascella (1), Fabrizio Candido Pirri (1,)

(1) PoliTOBIOMedLAB, Politecnico di Torino
(2) Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO IRCCS, Candiolo
(3) Department of Oncology, Università di Torino, Candiolo
(4) Center for Sustainable Futures, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Torino

Paolo Pacca (1), Elena Signorino (1), Alessandro Vercelli (1), Marina Boido (1)

(1) Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Università di Torino

Lucrezia Muraglia (1), Franziska Rother (2), Alice Mollo (1), Andrea Cravero (1), Christian O. Pritz (1), Sebastiano Bedino (1), Manuele Giorgetta (1), Luca De Carlo (1), Livia Testa (1), Giada Musso (1), Luisa Muratori (1), Federico Luzzati (1), Paolo Pacca (1), Georg Kern (3), Michaela Kress (3), Michael Bader (2,4), Annalisa Buffo (1), Alessandro Vercelli (1), Letizia Marvaldi (1)

(1) Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano (TO), Italy
(2) Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany / Center for Structural and Cellular Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
(3) Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
(4) Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany

Matteo Franchitto (1), Guido Carpino (2), Diletta Overi (2), Savino Paradiso (1), Teresa De Luca (1), Francesca Belardinilli (3), Giuseppe Giannini (3), Francesco Razionale (4), Francesco Ardito (4), Agostino Maria De Rose (4), Felice Giuliante (4), Eugenio Gaudio (2), Domenico Alvaro (1), Vincenzo Cardinale (1, 5, 6)

(1) Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza Università di Roma
(2) Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza Università di Roma
(3) Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza Università di Roma
(4) Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit, Foundation Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma
(5) Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 99 Brookline Ave, Boston
(6) Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine-SSM SLUCare, SLU Hospital, St. Louis

Ersilia Nicorvo (1), Alessia Ferraro (1), Paolo Pacca (1), Marina Boido (1), Ferdinando Di Cunto (1), Alessandro Vercelli (1)

(1) Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Università di Torino

The development of predictive digital twins for endothelial and blood-brain barriers requires robust acquisition and preprocessing of high-quality electrochemical data. This work presents a comprehensive data pipeline designed to extract, process, and integrate OECT (Organic Electrochemical Transistor) measurements from Transwell barrier experiments for digital twin implementation.
OECT sensors, integrated into customized multiwell systems, continuously monitor barrier integrity by detecting ionic currents from the electrolyte solution that modulate electronic currents in the OECT channel. Time-series data are collected over 7-day experimental windows, capturing dynamic changes in barrier permeability even under inflammatory conditions.
The preprocessing pipeline addresses several key challenges: (1) signal noise reduction and artifact removal from continuous electronic measurements; (2) normalization procedures to account for inter-well variability and baseline drift; (3) feature extraction to identify permeability-relevant bioelectrical signatures; (4) multi-well data integration strategies to compute composite barrier integrity indices that reflect the overall barrier state while preserving biological variability; (5) statistical validation through Bayesian Structural Time Series to verify statistically significant differences between cell-seeded and cell-free control wells, ensuring that detected signals genuinely reflect barrier formation rather than experimental artifacts.
The resulting processed datasets provide standardized inputs for training and validating barrier digital twins, enabling correlation between electrochemical readouts and molecular permeability markers (ZO-1, VE-cadherin, claudin-5). This pipeline establishes a critical bridge between biological twin measurements and computational models, supporting the COBALT project's goal of developing clinically-relevant tools for precision medicine in neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases.

Olga Teresa Bianciotto (1,2), Simone Diana (1,2), Negar Hosseini (3), Salomé R. Lafon (2), Martina Lorenzati (1,2), Giacomo Turrini (1, 2),  Valentina Cerrato (1,2), Giorgia Quadrato (3), Annalisa Buffo (1,2)

(1) Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, Università di Torino
(2) Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Università di Torino, Orbassano
(3) Keck School of Medicine of USC, Development, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Los Angeles

Elisa Bruatto (1), Cristina Curreli (2), Barbara Dozza (3), Laura Campanacci (1), Antonino Amedeo La Mattina (2)

(1) 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli
(2) Medical Technology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli
(3) Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna

Valentina Cauda (1), Maria Cristina Ruffa (1), Alice Balboni (1), Gianluca Villa (2,3)

(1) Politecnico di Torino
(2) Università degli Studi di Firenze
(3) Azienda Ospedaleira Universitaria Careggi Firenze

Giulia Ferrara (1), Camilla D'Angelo (1), Diego Caprioglio (1), Minassi Alberto (1), Lorenzo Magrassi (2)

(1) Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara
(2) Università di Pavia

Francesca Frascella (1), Ignazio Roppolo (1), 

(1) Politecnico di Torino